Since the introduction of low-level laser (light) therapy in 1967,  over two hundred randomised, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled phase  III   clinical trials have been published from over a dozen countries. Whereas there is some degree of consensus as to the best wavelengths of light and acceptable dosages to be used, there is no agreement on whether continuous wave (CW) or pulsed wave (PW) light is more suitable for the various applications of LLLT.  This review will raise (but not necessarily answer)  several questions. How does pulsed light differ from  CW on the cellular and molecular level,  and how is the outcome of LLLT affected? If pulsing is more efficient, then at what pulse parameters are the optimal outcome achieved? In particular, what is the ideal pulse repetition rate or frequency to use?

Lasers in Surgery and  Medicine 42:450 – 466 (2010)

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